TL;DR: With a new update or project being released almost every day, it’s clear the crypto ecosystem is constantly evolving. BNB Chain has gone through a lot of ups and downs to reach the level it’s at today — but it’s just the beginning. Knowing what brought it here and why it was created will lead you to make better decisions when investing or simply using BNB Chain.

In this article, we’re gonna dive into the BNB Chain ecosystem, answer all the $BNB related questions and even more. Prepare yourself for a history lesson and a journey to the future of BNB Chain!

What is BNB Chain (BNB)?

BNB Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain created in 2017 by Binance. It is a smart contract platform that focuses on being highly scalable. Scalability is defined as the amount of transactions that BNB Chain can process per second, or throughput.

As of February 2022, the Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain evolved into a unified, modular system referred to as BNB Chain. In this part of the article, we will refer to the most updated version.

BNB Chain has been created with the goal of being an alternative to Ethereum. Ethereum has been created in 2014 and introduced the concepts of smart contracts. These are small applications that run inside a virtual machine called the Ethereum Virtual Machine. The EVM allows for a blockchain to process more than simple token transfers.

To give more info, it opened up the possibility to run applications in a decentralized manner. Applications usually run in the cloud or on your computer, so running them on a blockchain was unheard of at the time. This makes them uncensorable (nobody can stop them) and ensures they’re always online — as long as the chain they run on is processing transactions.

BNB Chain’s EVM is based on Tendermint, the same software on which Cosmos operates. Despite using Tendermint, the main goal of BNB Chain is to be EVM compatible. The team’s choice for achieving Ethereum compatibility was motivated by the fact that Ethereum had the most mature dapps in the ecosystem.

Being so similar to Ethereum, deploying on BNB Chain is as easy as copying and pasting the code. Furthermore, the implementation should leave room for BNB Chain to catch up with further Ethereum upgrades. While similar to Ethereum, it implements a some new improvements to the protocol.

In order to be highly scalable, Binance had to take shortcuts in designing its blockchain. One of the crucial decisions early on was to have 21 validator nodes whitelisted by Binance. The consensus mechanism that BNB Chain uses is called Proof of Staked Authority.

Proof of Staked Authority means that BNB Chain gets its security from validators that stake $BNB to secure the chain. This is different from Proof of Work blockchains, where miners replace the role of validators.

The concept of blockchains is not new, and BNB Chain is one of many such networks. The idea started in 2008 with the release of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin Whitepaper. This kicked off the subsequent creation of many different types of networks under the same “blockchain” terminology.

Despite being similar in concept blockchains have all different architectures and use cases. What all have in common — including BNB Chain — is that they have to be secure. Security is the ability of a blockchain to prevent attacks and penalize malicious actors. This is usually done through their consensus algorithm and the mechanism they use to reach finality.

Finality is achieved when a block has been created and is now immutable, meaning that nobody can change the date inside. The block finality on BNB Chain is 3 seconds, compared to Ethereum’s 12 seconds.

Over time many different mechanism have been designed, ranging from Proof of Work, Proof of Stake to novel ones called Proof of Spacetime. Each one hopes to achieve the best way of securing the network they are built for. As noted before, BNB Chain makes use of type of consensus mechanism we call “Proof of Staked Authority” — or PoSA for short.

One particularity of Proof of Staked Authority is the fact that validators have a reputation and an identity to uphold. Therefore, validators are incentivized to act honestly as they do not wish to have their identities attached to a negative reputation.

As of 2022, BNB has 26 active validators and 44 in total. The inactive validators are referred to as “Candidates.” Validators are elected every 24 hours based on the amount of BNB staked. For their participation, validators are remunerated exclusively from the gas consumption of transactions, not from block reward issuance.

Similarly to Ethereum, slashing mechanisms have been implemented to ensure security, stability, and finality. Slashing ensures that validators abide by the protocol rules, or risk losing a portion of their staked tokens. There is no surprise that with its current design, BNB Chain is heavily centralized, as the top 26 validators almost never change. Most validators are staking companies such as HashQuark, NodeReal and Defibit.

The hybrid consensus mechanism of PoSA was chosen to enhance block times and lower transaction costs. Despite its centralization, many users would flock to BNB Chain to avoid the costly fees on Ethereum.

BNB Chain has a booming ecosystem that grows daily, all powered by its native token. The native token of BNB Chain, $BNB, is used actively throughout the network, from validators to users. Besides $BNB, developers can create their own BNB Chain native tokens similar to Ethereum.

ERC-20 standards were introduced in 2015 and are the most common Ethereum standard currently being used. It is mostly used for the creation of fungible tokens on the network. Borrowing from Ethereum’s design, Binance created its own equivalent of Ethereum’s ERC-20 token standard.

Today, BEP-20 is widely used for any project deploying on BNB Chain, from DeFi projects to meme tokens. It is fully compatible with ERC-20 and gives developers similar flexibility that they enjoy on the ERC-20 standard.

Since the BNB Smart Chain launch in 2019, activity on the network has mainly come from DeFi activity. The network now hosts over 400 DeFi protocols and activity from another 1,400 projects across other sectors. Today, it is the second largest to Ethereum in terms of Total Value Locked (TVL) and the number of applications running on-chain.

For more details about how you can earn more BNB Chain by running a validator node at home check out our BNB Chain Mining & Staking guide. It includes the exact steps and best methods of earning more crypto like $BNB in 2024 and beyond.

When was BNB Chain (BNB) created?

Binance and BNB were established in 2017. As the popularity of Binance grew, so did the need for expanding their services.

The first iteration of BNB Chain (BNB) was released in 2019 under the name Binance Chain. It uses Tendermint and thus it can be seen as part of the Cosmos ecosystem. Tendermint is open-source software for creating blockchains that allow you to write applications in any language.

Binance Chain uses Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) and Proof of Stake consensus to produce blocks. Right out of the gate, the validators consisted of a small circle of handpicked candidates, making the network centralized.

To add some degree of decentralization, Binance chain (also called the BNB Beacon Chain) has a built-in governance system that lets BNB holders submit proposals for trading pairs and changing network parameters. Thanks to Tendermint’s modular architecture, the application layer is separated from the consensus layer. For the developers, this means they can plug their dapp without having to worry about the block validation infrastructure.

In spite of its advantages, Binance Chain was deliberately designed not to support smart contracts. Its main functionality was to transfer assets, in the form of BEP-2 tokens. The BEP-2 token standard was created to enable trading on Binance DEX, a decentralized exchange that runs on top of Binance Chain.

The leadership at Binance was not satisfied with the adoption of Binance DEX. While alternative ecosystems were busy building the basic dapps, the wave of innovation in DeFi was happening on Ethereum. Acknowledging this, Binance forked Ethereum EVM and created a second blockchain — Binance Smart Chain (BSC), with support for smart contracts.

BSC would run in parallel with Binance Chain, each offering its particular services. Technically, BSC is a standalone layer-1 blockchain.  It was designed so that it could work even if Binance Chain (BC) stopped for a short period. 

BSC is fully compatible with Ethereum’s EVM. This means that most dapps on Ethereum could migrate to BSC with minimal or zero modifications. At the time, Ethereum was still running on Proof of Work. Because of its design, BSC would use a staking-based consensus called Proof of Staked Authority.

PoSA was key to enabling lower fees and faster transactions, at the cost of decentralization. Because BSC offered support for smart contracts, the team created BEP-20, a token standard on Binance Smart Chain. It had the same functionalities as Ethereum’s ERC-20 standard, which meant developers could deploy their own tokens on BSC.

Although BSC and BC are running in parallel, the two networks feature native support for cross-chain communication. The primary focus of native cross-chain communication would rest on transferring BEP-2 tokens between BSC and Binance Chain.

To dig a little deeper, communication between BC and BSC is done via relayers, which are different from validators. Relayer is a standalone process that can be run by anyone, and anywhere, except that relayers must register themselves onto BSC and deposit a certain refundable amount of BNB.

Only relaying requests from the registered Relayers will be accepted by BSC. For the end users, centralization was not a problem, as they could trade with minimal fees and have their transactions confirmed immediately.

Shortly after the launch of BSC, PancakeSwap (CAKE) came into existence, and it’s now the biggest dapp on Binance Smart Chain. The DEX immediately took the largest share of usage, making up for 50% of the TVL across the DeFi ecosystem.

Like many Layer-1 smart contract platforms, BSC experienced exponential growth. At the end of 2021, the protocol revenue was $4 million per day with an average of 6 million transactions per day. All the revenue was going to the validators, in the form of fees. Contrary to the belief that network validators are run by Binance, the majority of them are independent third parties. Their contribution represents just under 33% of the network’s total stake.

On February 15, 2022, Binance had announced that Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain will become BNB Chain. The transition highlights BSC’s connection with the BNB token and BNB ecosystem. As a result, BNB Chain is comprised of two elements:

BNB Beacon Chain (previously Binance Chain), which is responsible for BNB Chain Governance (staking, voting). And BNB Smart Chain (Previously Binance Smart Chain), which incorporates the EVM compatible, consensus layers, and with hubs to multi-chains.

With this name change, BNB Chain will embrace a series of upgrades such as, boosted throughput and on-chain governance mechanisms. The BNB Chain also pledged to develop MetaFi, which is a combination of “meta” and “DeFi.”

In this context, “meta” means an "all-encompassing," or "a means to an end,” rather than an acronym for the metaverse. The concept of MetaFi aims to bring the concepts of GameFi, SocialFi and the Metaverse under the same tent.

Who created BNB Chain (BNB)?

Binance was created by Changpeng Zhao together with Roger Wang and Yi He in 2017. Changpeng Zhao aka CZ Binance is an entrepreneur born in China’s Jiangsu province.

His parents moved in to Canada in the late 1980s after they were exiled for being "pro-bourgeois intellectuals.” Both his parents were teachers and CZ’s father was accepted to finish his studies at a university in Vancouver, British Columbia.

CZ was 12 years old when he moved to Canada. In his teenage years, CZ helped support his family by working a number of part-time jobs, including at McDonald’s. Zhao attended McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, where he majored in computer science.

His first experience with the world of finance happened during an internship at the Tokyo Stock Exchange. There, he learned to develop software for matching trade orders. He then worked for four years at Bloomberg Tradebook where he developed futures trading software. Having accumulated enough experience about how trading software works, Zhao decided it was time to create his own business.

In 2005 he moved to Shanghai where he founded Fusion Systems, a trading bot specialized in high-frequency trading. CZ remained as a partner in Fusion Systems until the end of 2013 and then entered in the world of crypto. Zhao learned about Bitcoin while playing a poker game with his friend. Unlike many others who dismissed the concept, CZ got into Bitcoin and even started to buy the asset.

In the beginning of 2013, he worked for various crypto projects such as Blockchains.com, and also served as the CTO of OKCoin for a brief period. During his time at Blockchain.com, Zhao had developed a crypto wallet that dealt with 28% of all bitcoin transactions between 2011 and 2020.

In 2014, CZ was convinced that Bitcoin is going to be the asset of the future, so he sold his Shanghai apartment for about $1 million and bought as much Bitcoin as he could. The next company he founded was named “Bijie Tech,” which was a crypto exchange that served Shanghai residents. After having served people for two years from 2015 to 2017, the exchange suddenly went out. The reasons of the company’s dissappearance were not clear, but from its ashes, Binance was born.

Changpeng Zhao created Binance with help from 2 former colleagues at OKCoin, Roger Wang and He Yi. Roger and He are now both part of the executive team at Binance. Roger Wang serves as the CTO of Binance, while He Yi serves as the CMO.

After leaving OKCoin, He Yi landed a high paying job at Chinese mobile video sharing tech company Yixia Technology. When CZ contacted her to join Binance, she was put in a difficult situation as she was risking losing her job to work on a startup that could fail anytime.

At the time, CZ had already raised $15 million from investors and was building his team. Binance Coin (BNB), which is a discount token on trading fees had just been listed. The day after He Yi quit her job, the price of BNB crashed by 50%, but she admitted it wasn’t an unusual thing to see, having worked at OKCoin previously.

Fast-forward to the present, Yi He is overseeing a $7.5 billion portfolio at Binance Labs and (fun fact) is married to CZ. Behind closed doors, far form the reach of mass media, Yi He and CZ have a family together. Little is known about their private lives.

Roger Wang served as the database admin at OKCoin, but before that, he gained experience by working at Morgan Stanley. Between 2008 and 2012, Wang served as the lead developer for an equity algorithm trading engine. Wang earned his masters degree in Electronics Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

In less than 8 months since Binance was launched, it became the world’s biggest crypto exchange by trading volume. In a bid to catch up with Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain was launched in 2019.

How is the BNB Chain (BNB) token used?

The BNB token is the native token for the BNB Chain. BNB (formerly known as Binance Coin) stands for “Build and Build.” Most assets in the BNB Chain ecosystem are denominated in BNB, which makes it the default unit of account.

BNB is the fuel that powers transactions and block creation on the BNB Chain. We sometimes refer to it as “gas”. Its primary use case is securing the network and keeping actors aligned to the same principles. Making a transaction on the BNB Chain network requires a small fee in BNB, usually between $0.18 and $0.20.

Because BNB Chain has a quick time to finality and processes more transactions per second the gas fees quickly add up. This small fee is paid by users and goes to validators for doing their work. 

Along with fueling transactions on BNB Chain, BNB also acts as a governance token. Holding BNB gives you the right to participate in BNB Chain’s decentralized on-chain governance. Since the launch of BNB and Binance in 2017, the exchange is committed to removing 100 million BNB, or half of the total supply, from circulation, through a burning process.

By design, BNB is a deflationary token. There is no mining algorithm that would enable the mining of new BNB and reward miners (validators), and the supply is regularly decreasing according to Binance’s scheduled BNB burns.

Out of the total supply of 200 million BNB, 38,997,638 BNB tokens have been burned to date. The burning schedule is automatically adjusted based on the price of BNB and the number of blocks generated on BNB Chain during the quarter. BNB additionally uses a real-time burning mechanism based on gas fees.

A fixed ratio of the gas fee collected is burned in each block, with the ratio decided by BNB Chain validators validators. You can trade BNB like any other asset and also use it in various apps and use cases, including reducing Binance exchange trading fees, paying for transaction fees made via the BNB Chain, and purchasing goods and services online and in-store.

If you plan on spending your crypto on services, Binance has recently released its own Visa card with 8% cashback every time you spend. Binance Card enables real-time conversion of crypto to EUR currency when you make your transaction. EUR can also be spent directly from your Funding Wallet.

BNB is currently listed on multiple exchanges. The major ones are Binance, Coinbase and Kraken. If you want to skip ahead and learn how to earn more BNB Chain by running a validator node at home check out our BNB Chain Mining & Staking guide. It includes the exact steps and best methods of earning more crypto like $BNB in 2022 and beyond.

Who is developing BNB Chain (BNB) now?

Development on BNB Chain started in 2019 by the team at Binance. Their website doesn’t list the specific core developers, and the code on GitHub is a forked version of Ethereum showing its initial contributors.

The entire modifications to the codebase have been made by the core development team at Binance, leaving little room for open-source contributors. To this day, Binance remains very secretive about its development team.

A good reason for that is the fact that Binance is the biggest crypto exchange in the world. With their systems permanently under the threat of hacks, security policies are the only thing that keeps users’ funds safe. 

But that doesn’t mean people can’t fork the code of BNB Chain and create their own dapps. In fact, Binance is encouraging open source contributors to build on BNB Chain. The exchange has created a $100 million investment fund to incentivize dapp builders.

Around 7% of the applications make it, which sets the standard high for applicants. Projects that get approved are funded on average with $100,000.

One aspect where Binance is making efforts to decentralize is governance. With the introduction of BNB staking, external parties have become able to join the list of validators and participate in the governance of BNB Chain. There is a catch though. Anyone can issue Binance Improvement Proposals (BIP), but the decision to implement a BIP ultimately depends on the validators.

The weight of the validators’ vote is calculated based on their stake. Therefore, users can vote by delegating BNB tokens to the validators they support. The community can vote on changing parameters such as slashing threshold, cross-chain transfer fees, relayer reward amount and so on. As observed thoughput the years, Binance is taking cautious steps with decentralizing BNB Chain.

What are the latest updates on BNB Chain (BNB)?

BNB Chain in 2019

2019 was the launch year of Binance Chain. Its primary focus was to facilitate fast, decentralized trading. Binance Chain was built on Tendermint, more popularly used on the Cosmos blockchain. Given that BC and Cosmos share a consensus mechanism, it also means that they share the Proof of Stake model.

Under PoS, Binance Chain had a small set of validators running nodes. Validators are be selected based on the amount of BNB staked. If two thirds of the validators approve a block, then the chain is updated with the new block.

As opposed to Ethereum or Bitcoin, finality on Binance Chain is instant. This means that the block is confirmed in just a few seconds.

Binance Chain was purposefully designed to be limited in functionality. Namely, the smart contract feature was absent, which meant users couldn’t create their own dapps on Binance.

BC was limited to facilitating transactions, controlling token issuance and supply through minting & burning. Shortly after the launch of Binance Chain, the BEP-2 token standard was created.

BEP-2 tokens are backed by and pegged to major cryptocurrencies that have their own blockchains. Binance has also launched its own browser extension for users to access their funds on Binance DEX. Its first iteration was very basic, as people could only store BEP-2 tokens. The biggest dapp on Binance Chain was Binance DEX. After the launch, BNB gained the utility of gas token for sending transactions on Binance DEX.

During its first year, Binance Chain had four major upgrades: Galileo, Hubble, Archimedes, and Heisenberg. Each of these upgrades were minor bug fixes that improved the security and efficiency of Binance DEX.

Galileo (July 2019) enabled validators to vote on delisting pairs that had no transaction volume. Hubble (August 2019) introduced additional security measures. The Archimedes upgrade (October 2019) introduced atomic swaps between blockchains that support smart contracts on the BNB Chain. Heisenberg (November 2019) improved the blockchain’s performance and eased constraints on listing transactions.

At the time, Binance DEX gained moderate traction. Its highly performant matching engine and small transaction fees were enticing for new users joining the crypto industry. Binance DEX also had a user-friendly interface that greatly improved the user experience.

To ramp things up, Binance launched the BEP2 Community Listing Program, through which the most valid and active projects on BNB Chain get a chance to list on the exchange. 110 tokens would be listed on Binance DEX, with more than 480,000 participating addresses and 77 million transactions executed. The metrics looked good on paper, however, Binance DEX was slowly starting to lose ground to dapps emerging on Ethereum.

BNB Chain in 2020

In September 2020, Binance stepped up their game and launched Binance Smart Chain (BSC). Binance has designed BSC to be a replica of the Ethereum blockchain, which included the awaited smart contract functionality. Interestingly, Binance chose to have BSC run in parallel with Binance Chain.

The team noted that adding smart contract functionality to Binance Chain would have slowed down the network, making it less efficient. Building a blockchain from the ground up didn’t seem like a good option, as Binance was competing with the emergence of DeFi apps and NFTs.

Ethereum is the undisputed king of dapps, and being open-source made it easy for Binance to copy it. Binance forked the Go Ethereum (Geth) client to create Binance Smart Chain but made a few adjustments to differentiate it from Ethereum. 

The network opted for the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus as opposed to Ethereum’s Proof of Work. PoSA is a combination between Delegated Proof of Stake and Proof of Authority consensus mechanisms.

The mesh between the two resulted in the implementation of PoSA with the following characteristics: (1) blocks are produced by a limited set of validators (2) who take turns to produce blocks (3) and they are elected based on their stake.

In the genesis stage, BSC ran with 21 validators. Their plan was to enable more validators (called candidates) to compete for a spot based on their stake. The election would repeat every 24 hours, and the top 21 validators would be elected based on the amount of BNB locked. In order to remain compatible with Ethereum, BSC chose to rely on Binance Chain for staking management.

The staking feature was implemented on August 28 via the Binance Chain Darwin upgrade. With it, BNB holders could issue proposals to change parameters on BSC such as: cross-chain transfer fee, relayer fee, pool fund, etc. One week after BSC was launched, Binance has announced a new token standard for its blockchain: BEP-20.

Similarly to Ethereum’s ERC-20, the BEP-20 standard enabled users to issue their own assets on Binance Smart Chain.

BNB Chain in 2021

2021 was BSC’s best year to date, reaching an all time high of $690. This was heavily influenced by a few key events and updates. One of them was the launch of the BUIDL Reward Program.

Binance had offered $100 million grants for developers building on BSC. The reward distribution is calculated based on the usage of their dapps. The more gas users spend on using a specific dapp, the more rewards its creators receive.

In January, the number of applicants was 235. The most popular dapps were PancakeSwap, Venus and Alpaca Finance. Binance also proposed a 3 month pilot program “Most Valuable Builder” (MVB) to encourage more mainnet deployment, and accelerate the most attractive projects on BSC.

Another important event was to massively reduce fees on the network. Validators have voted on four successive proposals that would slash fees up to 10x in some cases. For example, the fee for issuing a BEP-2 asset was reduced from 100 BNB to 10 BNB.

The vote on fees was partially motivated by the bullish market conditions, as more people than ever participated in trading. The euphoria lasted until the end of the year, with BNB trading in the $300-600 range. Meanwhile, Binance Smart Chain had released a new version of its bridge.

Binance Bridge V3 brought Bitcoin to the BSC along with an enhanced user experience. By the month of October, Binance Smart Chain had become one of the best blockchains to pilot and launch dapps. Its thriving community had more than 1 million users spread across 900 dapps.

The BUIDL Program was also paying off. Over 40 projects had been seed funded at this point, with $30+ million distributed. Such encouraging numbers made Binance made one of its biggest announcements to date. The exchange would offer $1 billion for growing its ecosystem as follows:

$100 million is allocated towards mentoring development communities, running boot camps, and supporting R&D. $300 million is allocated for its existing Builder Program, which proved to have continued success in attracting builders. $100 million would go for the liquidity incentive program to encourage participation in DeFi protocols. Finally, $500 million will be utilized to grow decentralized computing, gaming, metaverse, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and financial services.

Binance said that the investment would go beyond BSC, as their intention is to support all blockchain infrastructure. Towards the end of the year, BSC was planning to introduce a real-time burning mechanism into the economic model of the network. The proposed BEP-95 upgrade would undergo a testnet before its implementation at the beginning of 2022.

BNB Chain in 2022

The current year has been a powerful one for BNB Chain. With the release of the $1 billion growth fund, Binance has set the expectations higher than ever before.

The next step for BSC was to expand into cross-chain and multi-chain. An important lesson learned early on was that one chain couldn’t do it all.

In order to make its expansion plans sustainable, there need to be several specialized chains that are able to communicate with each other. Drawing inspiration from other chains like Polkadot, Ethereum 2.0 and Cosmos, BSC will focus on interoperability for the next 2 years. Specifically, Binance aims to create sidechains that are application specific (gaming, DeFi, metaverse and so on).

BSC aims to implement its own layer-2 scaling solution based on already existing projects such as Polygon and Arbitrum. Binance shared its roadmap for 2022, which also includes plans to decentralize. One such initiative is to expand the validator set from 21 validators to 41 in order to boost scalability.

Another plan is to introduce on-chain governance mechanisms that give more transparency. But first, the network needed a rebrand. A name that could bring all these solutions under one umbrella. On February 15, Binance announced that Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain have merged into BNB Chain. At the technical level, the architecture remains intact. 

On October 7, BNB Chain was hacked for $570 million worth of BNB tokens. In fact, Binance managed to freeze most of the tokens and the attacker got away with around $100 million. The incident had to do with compromising one of the 26 active validators.

In the wake of the event, users will decide on what to do via on-chain governance. So far, they’ve voted to burn the hacked BNB tokens, which covers the $100 million hole. Next thing they can vote is on a bounty for catching hackers as well as establishing a whitehat program for future bugs found.

One week later, BNB Chain has introduced ZkBNB — the latest scalability upgrade that is being prepared. Using zero-knowledge proofs, BNB Chain will unlock more privacy and scalability for its users.

BNB Chain in 2023

On September 13, BNB Chain announced it's embracing Optimism's rollup technology to power its opBNB layer-2 scaling platform, aiming to enhance speed and reduce gas fees for decentralized applications.

The journey towards opBNB Mainnet began on June 19, 2023, when the testnet was launched. In the subsequent months, the community and developers rigorously tested the network, achieving notable milestones. This included processing over 35 million on-chain transactions and connecting to 435,972 unique wallet addresses (at the time of writing). Additionally, more than 150 dApps were deployed on the testnet.

The solution focuses on scalability, security, high availability, and reduced gas costs. opBNB, based on Optimism's OP Stack, leverages optimistic rollups to scale transactions, interacting with Ethereum-based smart contracts, networks, and ERC-20 token standards. 

BNB Chain is in a constant growth cycle, and network participants like us can earn more $BNB without too much hassle or technical knowledge, right from the comfort of our homes. 

Learn how to do that in our BNB Chain Mining & Staking guide, which includes the exact steps and best methods of earning more crypto like $BNB in 2024 and beyond.